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Homosexualité --- Couple --- Père --- Gay fathers. --- Surrogate motherhood. --- Pères homosexuels. --- Mères porteuses.

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Surrogate mothers --- Mothers --- Pregnancy --- Judaism --- Judaism. --- Mères de substitution --- Mères --- Grossesse --- Judaïsme --- Mères porteuses --- Surrogate mothers - Israel --- Mothers - Israel --- Pregnancy - Israel

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Contracts are illegal not only when they contravene specific legal rules, but also when they are considered immoral or contrary to public policy. In this way rules of contract law also influence the exceptional and sometimes fragile relationship between law and morality. They determine which issues can be made the subject of a legally valid and enforceable agreement according to the values underlying the legal order to which they pertain. But despite their geographic proximity, shared history and common aim of a strong EU internal market there are remarkable differences in the underlying values of many European legal systems. This book brings together a group of well renowned contract lawyers that analyse how their own legal systems deal with 12 interesting cases of morally dubious agreements, including for example suretyships, conditional contracts of succession, nuptial agreements, surrogacy agreements, contracts for sex work and, of course, usurious contracts. All inspired by real litigations adjudicated by courts and covering the questions of validity and enforceability, as well as the availability of remedies. To give a comprehensive picture of immoral contracts across Europe, the national perspectives are complemented by chapters providing historical insights as well as an EU perspective. Throughout the book comprehensive analysis of the findings offers crucial insights into divergences and convergences and the decisive factors driving European thinking. With contributions by Susana Almeida, Paulius Astromskis, Marko Baretic, Valentina Bineva, Milan Budjac, Florin Ciutacu, Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi, Eugenia Dacoronia, Julie del Corral, Róbert Dobrovodský, Wolfgang Faber, Nuno Ferreira, Francesca Fiorentini, Morten M. Fogt, Kestutis Gusevicius, Nikitas Hatzimihail, Torbjörn Ingvarsson, Monika Jurčová, Lorenz Kähler, Julija Kiršienė, Theis Klauberg, Ivana Klorusová, Julija Kolomijceva, Irene Kull, Laura Macgregor, Chantal Mak, Zeeshan Mansoor, Luboš Maxina, Adam McCann, Peter Mészáros, Špelca Mežnar, Tuulikki Mikkola, Zuzana Nevolná, Zdeněk Nový, Zsolt Zdeněk Nový, Barbara Pasa, Charlotte Pavillon, Annina H. Persson, Katarína Procházková, Teresa Rodríguez de las Heras Ballell, Vincent Sagaert, Angel Shopov, Karolina Sikorska, Jozef Štefanko, Lyn K. L. Tjon Soei Len, Martina Uhliarová, Kurt Xerri, David E. Zammit and Jozef Zámožík. PROF. DR. AURELIA COLOMBI CIACCHI is a Professor of Law and Governance at the Law Faculty of the University of Groningen. She was previously a Marie Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford. PROF. DR. CHANTAL MAK is a Professor of Private law, in particular fundamental rights and private law, at the Amsterdam Centre for Transformative Private Law (ACT) of the University of Amsterdam. DR. ZEESHAN MANSOOR is an Assistant Professor at the Hazelhoff Centre for Financial Law of the University of Leiden. He is also a Director at the consultancy firm Alvarez & Marsal, focusing on Financial Industry Advisory Services (FIAS).

Immoral contracts --- Contrats immoraux --- Illegal contracts --- Contrats illicites --- Comparative law --- Droit comparé --- Contrats --- Contracts --- Immoralisme --- Immorality --- Mères porteuses --- Travailleurs du sexe --- Nains --- Surrogate mothers --- Sex workers --- Dwarfs --- Aspect moral --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Droits --- Civil rights --- Dwarfs (Persons) --- 347.4 <4> --- 347.4 <4> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- European law --- Law of obligations. Law of contract --- European Union

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This book proposes the introduction of a development-related perspective to scholarly critique of the human body’s commodification. Nahavandi contends that the commodification of human body parts reflects a modern form of such well-known historical phenomena as slavery and colonization, and can be considered a new and additional form of appropriation and extraction of resources from the Global South. What are the commonalities between hair trade, surrogacy, kidney sale and attraction of brains? The author argues that these all characterize a world where increasingly everything can be traded or is considered to be tradeable. A world where, similar to any other goods, body parts have entered the global market either legally or illegally. Through a series of multidisciplinary comparative studies, the book explores how forms commodification of the human body are fuelled by issues of poverty in the Global South, and inequality in transnational relations. .

Human body --- Sale of organs, tissues, etc. --- Surrogate motherhood. --- Organ donors --- Corps humain --- Vente d'organes, de tissus, etc. --- Mères porteuses --- Donneurs d'organes --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Aspect moral --- Developing countries --- Developed countries --- Pays en développement --- Pays industrialisés --- Commerce --- Foreign economic relations. --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Political science. --- Comparative politics. --- Economic development. --- Social change. --- Poverty. --- Political Science and International Relations. --- Comparative Politics. --- Development and Social Change. --- Poverty, Aid and Development. --- Regional Development. --- Mères porteuses --- Pays en développement --- Pays industrialisés --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Selling of organs, tissues, etc. --- Tissues --- Sale of --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Development Aid.